History and Philosophy of Science

Philosophy - the science of theory of knowlege; method of reflective thinking.

Philo- love ü
Sophia- wisdom..

Aristotle- defined philosophy as a thinking which aims at maximum connected to the truth above all the available experiences.

Brittle - the science of being in their ultimate reasons, causes and principles acquired by the aid of numerous reason alone.

The Ultimate Goal of Philosophy - is to seek for the truth.

Views about Philosophy
A. Smith and Tyler
1. Philosophy is a personal attitude toward life of the universe.
2. Method of Reflective thinking and reason inquiry.
3. Philosophy attempt to gain the view of the whole.
4. Philosophy is a logical analysis of language and classification of the meaning of the words and concepts.
5. Philosophy is a group of problem and theories and solution to these problems.
Philosophy-seeking for the truth.
Science- has reason for seeking the truth and doing something about it.
The difference of the two lies between
1.scope
2.nature
3.approach

Approach :
Science- described their objects of study part by part.
Philosophy- attempt to do it as whole/comprehensively.
Scope:
Science- tends to eliminate the personal factor and to ignore values in its drive for objectively.
Philosophy- interested in personality, value and all realms of human experiences.
Nature:
Science- observe nature and control process.
Philosophy-critisize,evaluate and integrate various dimensions of life.

Functions of Philosophy
1. To carefully examine and critisize the premises and conclusion of all science such as biology,physics,sociology,and others to compare the assumptions and conclusions of different sciences when the results appear to be contradicting.
2. To synthesize findings.
3. To harmonize and bring this and other sciences together and support one another.

Categories of Philosophy
1. Theoretical Philosophy- Its ultimate aim is knowledge of truth.
a. Metaphysics
b. Ontology
c. Cosmology
d. Theoticy
e. Psychology
f. Epistimology

2. Practical Philosophy-not just finding the truth but acting on it.
a. Semantics
b. Logic
c. Ethics
d. Axiology
e. Aesthetics

"General term for the process used by the Philosopher in Analytic tradition that involve breaking down philosophical issues."

A. Functions of Philosophy
1. To construct theories about man and the Universe.
2. To examine very carefully everything that may be offered for a belief and its own theories.

B. Analysis
-from the Greek word "analusis" which means process of breaking down topic for better understanding.

C. Three Main Ways of Forming Analysis.
1. Explication- whicg was so called by carnap who work largely in the construction of symbolic language.
2. Redefinition- it is associated with Moore by replacing term or statement to be analyze by other term and statement which have the same meaning with the same sort of language but which more carefully formulated and more clearly understand.
3. Illustration- which takes the opposite point of view holding who practiced by Wittgenstein by just keeping close to multiplying are one of term to another.



-coleii :))